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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

戏曲艺术焕发新的魅力和风采(3)******

上述综合性、虚拟性、程式性，是戏曲被普遍认可的三大特质，它们支撑起戏曲艺术的巍峨殿堂。传承发展戏曲艺术，就要立足这些艺术特质，既看到它们是戏曲艺术经过长期发展逐步形成的，是适应社会变革脉动、遵循艺术变迁规律、凝聚多元因素合力的结果，也要看到它们背后体现了中华文化的精神内核，积淀了中华民族独特的文化传统、思维方式和美学精神。更重要的是，要结合新的时代要求，将这些艺术特质发扬光大。

学古不泥古，破法不悖法。通过守正创新实现戏曲艺术繁荣振兴，是时代的呼唤、人民的心声，也是其本身赓续传承的内在需要。一方面，要紧贴时代脉搏，用戏曲艺术涵养时代精神，以时代精神丰富戏曲艺术，推动戏曲艺术思想内容和表达程式与时俱进，给予戏曲艺术特质以新范畴、新概括；另一方面，坚持分类施策，结合剧种特点，在流派、剧目、题材、主题上进行新创造、新表达，增强艺术感染力、舞台表现力、社会传播力，持续增强对受众群体尤其是青年人的吸引力，开拓戏曲艺术的新境界。

对接当代需求，实现多重价值

坚持以社会主义核心价值观为引领，发挥文化引领风尚、教育人民、服务社会、推动发展的作用，需要全面释放戏曲艺术的审美、教育、娱乐、交流等多重价值功能，使戏曲艺术与当代文化相适应、与现代社会相协调，唱响新时代意蕴悠长的梨园新声。

不断满足人民群众日益增长的精神文化需求，始终是戏曲艺术的根本价值所在和生存发展的社会根基。进入新时代，人们对美好生活的向往越来越强烈，对精神文化生活越来越重视，文化需求高品质、多层次、个性化的特点更趋明显。戏曲艺术发展必须主动适应这一变化，坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，抓好经典剧目挖掘、整理和传承，抓好剧目编创生产，坚持传统戏、新编历史剧、现代戏并举，拓展风格流派，提升供给质量，推出更多反映人民内心世界、丰富人民文化生活、增强人民精神力量的优秀戏曲作品。要把高素质戏曲人才培养放到战略位置，“出人”才能“出戏”，遵循戏曲人才成长规律和戏曲传承特点，融通传统培养方式和现代育人理念，培育造就大批德艺双馨的戏曲名家和戏曲人才队伍。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）